Empirical modeling is a research method that involves creating mathematical or statistical models based on observed data or experimental evidence. These models are used to analyze and predict the behavior of a system or phenomenon in the real world. Empirical modeling is often used in various scientific disciplines, such as economics, psychology, and environmental science, to test hypotheses, make predictions, and gain insights into complex systems. The models are usually validated by comparing their predictions with new data or experiments, to ensure that they accurately represent the underlying relationships in the system being studied.